Qurbani, also known as Udhiya, is an integral practice in Islam, celebrated during the festival of Eid al-Adha. It involves the ritual sacrifice of an animal and commemorates the unwavering faith and obedience of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) to Allah. This act is steeped in history, holds profound importance, and embodies a deep philosophical meaning for Muslims around the world.

What is Qurbani in Islam? 

Qurbani traces its origins to the story of Prophet Ibrahim, as narrated in the Quran. Ibrahim was commanded by Allah in a dream to sacrifice his beloved son, Ismail. Demonstrating absolute submission to Allah's will, both father and son prepared to carry out the command. However, Allah intervened and provided a ram to be sacrificed instead. This event is commemorated by Muslims each year during Eid al-Adha. 

The act of Qurbani symbolizes submission to Allah, willingness to give up what one holds dear, and the spirit of sharing with those in need. It is performed on the 10th, 11th, and 12th days of Dhu al-Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic lunar calendar, following the completion of Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Mecca. 

Why is Qurbani Important?

Qurbani holds significant religious and social importance in Islam. It is not merely an act of slaughter but a profound form of worship and a means of seeking closeness to Allah. 

Religious Significance: 

The practice of Qurbani is a Sunnah Mu’akkadah (a confirmed tradition of the Prophet Muhammad) for those who can afford it. It is a demonstration of gratitude to Allah for His blessings and a reaffirmation of a Muslim's commitment to follow the teachings of Islam. 

Nasab of Qurbani:

The term "Nasab" refers to the minimum amount of wealth a Muslim must possess before they are obligated to perform Qurbani. This threshold is akin to the nisab for zakat (charitable giving) and ensures that only those who have the financial means undertake the sacrifice. Typically, the nisab is calculated as possessing wealth equivalent to 87.48 grams of gold or 612.36 grams of silver. 

Eligibility: 

Qurbani is obligatory (wajib) for every adult Muslim who meets the Nasab criteria and is sane and free. Those eligible are required to sacrifice an animal such as a sheep, goat, cow, or camel, and the animal must meet certain age and health conditions to be considered suitable for the sacrifice. 

Qurbani Benefits  

The benefits of Qurbani extend beyond the act itself and are rooted in the teachings of Hadith and Sunnah. The rewards associated with Qurbani are both spiritual and communal. 

Spiritual Rewards:

Attaining Taqwa (Piety):   

Qurbani is a means to attain taqwa, or consciousness of Allah. It is an act of worship that purifies the soul and fosters a deeper connection with the Creator.

Sunnah of the Prophets: 

Following the tradition of Prophet Ibrahim and Prophet Muhammad strengthens a Muslim's faith and adherence to the practices of the Prophets.

Forgiveness of Sins: 

It is believed that the sacrifice serves as atonement for sins. According to a hadith, the Prophet Muhammad said, "There is nothing dearer to Allah during the days of Qurbani than the sacrificing of animals. The sacrificed animal shall come on the Day of Judgement with its horns, hair, and hooves (to be weighed). The sacrifice is accepted by Allah before the blood reaches the ground. Therefore, sacrifice with an open and happy heart" (Tirmidhi).

Social Benefits:

1. Charity and Sharing: 

A significant portion of the meat from the sacrifice is distributed to the poor and needy, ensuring that they too can partake in the celebrations of Eid al-Adha. This act promotes social solidarity and caring for the less fortunate.

2. Community Building: 

Qurbani fosters a sense of community as families and friends gather to perform the sacrifice and distribute the meat. It is a time of unity, sharing, and collective worship.

3. Economic Impact: 

The practice of Qurbani also has a positive economic impact. It supports livestock farmers and the meat industry, contributing to the local economy.  

Conclusion

Qurbani is a multifaceted practice that encapsulates the essence of faith, sacrifice, and community in Islam. By understanding its history, importance, and philosophy, Muslims can appreciate the profound significance of this act of worship. Qurbani not only commemorates the legacy of Prophet Ibrahim's devotion to Allah but also embodies the principles of charity, gratitude, and unity, making it a cornerstone of the Islamic faith.